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Obesity and eating disorders like bulimia and binge eating can be succesfully treated by very low calorie diets and periodical fasting. Experimental and clinical evidence: Treatment modalities of obesity: what fits whom? Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Evidence that fasting can treat obesity. Changes in food cravings during low-calorie and very-low-calorie diets. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Jan;14(1):115-21 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. OBJECTIVE: This study examined food cravings during a primarily food-based low-calorie diet (LCD) and a supplement-based very-LCD (VLCD). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The Food Craving Inventory (FCI) was used to measure general cravings and cravings for specific types of foods (sweets, high fats, carbohydrates/starches, and fast food fats). The FCI was completed by participants in the LCD and VLCD programs at baseline and after 11 weeks of dieting. The VLCD group also completed the FCI at Week 6 and after 5 weeks of a refeeding phase, when their diet consisted primarily of solid food. RESULTS: From baseline to Week 12, craving decreases were greater for the VLCD group than for the LCD group on all measures. All craving measures decreased significantly for the VLCD group. The LCD group experienced a marginally significant decrease in sweet cravings. Within the VLCD group, all craving measures decreased significantly by Week 6 and did not change thereafter, including after resumption of solid food intake, and craving scores during all dieting points were lower than baseline. Changes in cravings were not related to weight loss. DISCUSSION: Cravings did not increase during either diet; all changes represented decreases. Compared with a primarily food-based diet (LCD), a more restrictive supplement-based diet (VLCD) resulted in significantly larger decreases in food cravings that occurred by the end of the 5th week of supplement use and did not rebound with resumption of solid food intake. The results of this study suggest that food cravings diminish with calorie restriction. weight, obesity, diets fast, human ife span, age reversal, cravings, obese, weight reduction, diets, periodical fasting, very-low-calorie, very-low-calorie diets, extreme obesity, anti aging plan, croatia, hungary
Effect of a very low calorie diet on the diagnostic category of individuals with binge eating disorder. Indications for fasting Obesity Int J Eat Disord 2002 Jan;31(1):49-56 Raymond NC, de Zwaan M, Mitchell JE, Ackard D, Thuras P. Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota. This study examined the factors associated with the diagnostic outcome of obese individuals with and without binge eating disorder (BED) 1 year after completing a very low calorie diet (VLCD) program. METHOD: Participants included 63 individuals with BED, 36 individuals with subthreshold BED, and 29 individuals with no binge eating symptoms. Diagnoses before and after VLCD were obtained using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) interviews. The severity of psychiatric symptoms were assessed using various rating scales. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent (n = 36) of the participants who met criteria for BED at baseline did not meet diagnostic criteria 1 year later. None of the baseline factors were statistically associated with outcome. DISCUSSION: Although the main hypothesis was not supported, absence of a BED diagnosis at 12-month follow-up after a VLCD diet appears to be associated with less weight gain at 1-year follow-up regardless of baseline diagnosis.
Eat Weight Disord. 1997 Dec;2(4):207-10. Treating patients with eating disorders is often a controversial issue, and obesity adds another difficulty to the treatment regimen. In this study we wanted to evaluate the outcome on body weight in patients suffering from eating disorders with obesity, by adding dietary treatment and exercise to ongoing psychotherapy. The prospective intervention study included 18 obese, female patients in primary health care and outpatient clinic with a BMI > or = 27 kg/m2 with eating disorders, nine of whom were diagnosed with bulimia according to the American Psychiatric Association. The patients had had psychotherapy for at least 2 years in a treatment programme which was chosen by a psychologist. This had had no influence on the patients' weight problem, and an additional diet and exercise regime was added to the ongoing psychotherapy through an eight-week very low calorie diet (VLCD) treatment (Nutrilett), during which the patients also participated in weekly group exercise. The patients were followed-up regularly during a 6-month period. During the 8-week VLCD treatment, which was completed by 16 patients (89%), mean body weight in the group decreased significantly from Addict Behav. 1992;17(3):247-57. The present study compared the treatment response of male and female obese binge eaters and nonbinge eaters attending a university-based weight reduction program employing a very low calorie diet (VLCD) and concurrent behavior therapy. Twenty-nine percent of female patients (n = 19) and 22% of male patients (n = 6) were characterized as binge eaters based on their scores on the Binge Eating Scale. No significant differences were found between binge and nonbinge groups on measures of weight loss, adherence to the diet, or drop-out rate, although a trend towards greater attrition in the binge group (32%) relative to the nonbinge group (17%) was noted. However, binge eaters had significantly higher pretreatment levels of trait anxiety, state anxiety, and depression as well as higher within treatment levels of anxiety and depression despite significant reductions in depression over the course of treatment. Further examination revealed a binge status X sex interaction effect on state anxiety. Binge-eating females had significantly higher anxiety levels pretreatment and throughout the 10 weeks of the study. No differences between binge and nonbinge males on levels of anxiety were found. These preliminary results tentatively suggest that a VLCD in conjunction with behavior therapy may be an effective method of weight loss for this segment of the obese population, but that elevated levels of anxiety persist in female patients. Future studies must address the long-term maintenance of weight loss in this population as well as other treatment strategies. |
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