The 21th century saw impressive applications of engineering technology in diagnosis, as well as the application of such technology in other fields of medicine.

Electrocardiogram (testing heart function); electroencephalogram (brain); electroretinography and related techniques (vision) may be briefly mentioned. And in the category of imaging: the "classical" X-ray and its 3-dimensional development, computer tomography (CT); ultrasonic echography

Such advances continue, particularly in making such high-tech diagnostic methods more "accessible"; but more recently the most striking progress has been in biochemical detection methods. These have a long history, but have recently advanced rapidly, with the development of highly selective and specific biochemical tests which are easy to use -- sometimes so easy that they have moved out of the laboratory altogether. These have great potential in mass-screening tests; but here the problems tend to be not so much technical, but more organisational and economic.



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